Stingingnettle is a useful plant with food and medicinal uses.The green leaves are either cookedand eaten as vegetable or dried and ground in to powder before consumption. It contains high levels of vitamins and minerals providing good nutrition at low costs compare to exotic vegetables. Consequently,there has been increased consumption of stingingnettle in Kenya but large-scale production is limited by lack of reliable planting materials since stingingnettle seeds which are mostly dormant. The objective of this research was to perform pre-germination tests on stingingnettle seeds and determinethe most effective method  to breakseed  dormancy.

200 seeds were soaked in 1%sodium salt for 2 and 5days at 150C while another set of 200 seeds were soaked in 18 Msulphuric acid for 10 and 30 minutes and placed in the germination chamber.

Seeds soaked in distilled water were used as controls. Germination tests were conducted on moistened filter paper in petridishes of 50 seeds each with three replications. Radicle protrusion was observed daily and germination rate assessed as mean days to germination.

Germination rates differed significantly with the time of treatment. Seeds primed with 1% Nacl for 5 days yielded maximum germination rate followed by scarification using 18 MH2SO4 for 30 minutes and no germination was observed in seeds soaked in distilled water at room temperature. Our study indicates that priming seeds with 1% sodium salt solution at 15ºC for 5 days is aviable method for breaking seed dormancy and enhancing uniformity and speed of seed germination.

Urethral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare entity, comprising less than 1% of all cancers. The diagnosis is often late because the symptomatology is not specific. Its treatment is essentially surgical but often mutilating. The prognosis remains unfavorable in the majority of cases. The current hope is the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

 We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra which was discovered at a locally advanced stage and treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy then concomitant chemoradiotherapy that showed complete response to this treatment.

Sarcomas of the genitourinary tract are uncommon and represent only 1–2% of all urological malignancies. Paratesticular tumors, which include those arising from testicular tunics, epididymis and spermatic cord are remarkably rare entities. Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignant mesenchymal tumor with smooth muscle differentiation which is difficult to diagnose preoperatively.

The definitive diagnosis requires a histologic examination of a resected specimen to observe morphological and immunohistochemical differentiation. The standard primary treatment for this tumor is radical orchiectomy with high cord ligation. However, a consensus on the optimal treatment has not yet been reached due to the paucity of cases. Close follow-up is necessary to prevent recurrence and distant metastases.

 Here we report a case of a 64 year-old man who presented low grade paratesticular leiomyosarcoma with hepatic metastases.

This study investigated the relationship between personality traits using the Big Five personality trait and post traumatic stress disorder among displaced people from select areas of Anambra State.  Forty eight (48) participants comprising of 30 males and 18 females selected from three Governments Areas of the State participated in the study.  All the participants were recently displaced and suffered huge losses from different tragic occurrences within the country including terrorist attacks and fire disasters. The participants’ ages ranged from 26 to 56 years with mean age of 37.7 and standard deviation of 9.1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PKS) and Big Five Inventory (BFI) were used to assess the PTSD and the five dimensions of personality. Cross-sectional survey design was employed while Pearson’s Product- moment the area to enhance knowledge and improve management of correlation was used as the appropriate statistics. Five hypotheses were tested on whether PTSD is related to personality traits. The result indicated that only hypothesis 4 which states that “Agreeableness trait of personality would not correlate with PTSD among displaced people”, was rejected at(r= -.393, p< .05). The other hypotheses were all accepted. The result was discussed in line with the findings. The researcher recommended that more effort be directed by health workers and therapists to other areas than personality, to unearth the underlying influences on PTSD, for better management. Broader research is recommended in PTSD. 

Clinical information of the brain is used for analysis, diagnosis and treatment of brain related ailments. The information from the brain is obtained through an electronic device known as the Electroencephalograph. This device reads, records and graphically displays the electrical potentials of the brain of the patient for proper clinical attention from the clinicians. The electrical potential of the brain is called electroencephalogram (EEG). The process of collecting EEG signal involves the placement of electrodes (probes) of Electroencephalograph on the patient’s scalp. It is important to note that the scalp shall be properly shaved for a very good probe-scalp contact. However, all electrical signals travelling on the scalp are picked by the Electroencephalograph. The eye, muscle and heart all generate electrical signals that are traceable to the scalp. All these signals are recorded alongside with the EEG and they constitute a list of unwanted signals or noise to EEG. They compromise the information contained in the recorded EEG and simply make it very difficult for the physicians to affectively use the EEG. Power line interference (PLI) is another signal that corrupts EEG. The presence of any of these unwanted electrical potentials in the recorded EEG is undesirable. Hence proper diagnosis and interpretation are achievable when the noise is removed from the recorded EEG before the signal is displayed. Moreover, this paper compares finite impulse response (FIR) filters modeled with different windows for the purpose of removing 50Hz power line interference from EEG. The FIR filter technique employed, involves the use of ten different windows namely; Kaiser, Parzen, Gaussian, Hann, Hamming, Rectangular, Nuttall, Blackman Harris, Welch and Height Adjustable Sine (HAS) Windows. Effort is made to ascertain the effectiveness of each of the ten FIR filters PLI interference reduction by comparing the mean squared error (MSE) of the filters designed with each of the ten windows. It was concluded that the Hamming Window made the best MSE seconded by the Hann Window.  

This paper examines the oil price-stock market nexus in Nigeria and South Africa as the two leading economies in Africa. The study applied econometrics method using ARDL/Bound test approach. Secondary data which consists of quarterly time series between 1st quarter 2003 and 4th quarter 2018 were used. Examination of the time series properties of the variable data results show that all the variables, apart from CPI, are I (1) series. CPI is I (0) series.  the Bund/ARDL cointegration shows the existence of a long-run relationship between excess stock market returns and oil price changes in Nigeria, but no long run oil price- stock returns

in South Africa. Estimate of the ARDL model shows   that oil price changes have positive and significant effect on stock market returns in Nigeria in the short-run, but positive and insignificant long run effect. However, oil price changes have positive, but insignificant effect on stock returns in South Africa. The study conclude that oil price shocks contributes to more variability in Nigeria stock market returns than in south Africa, and therefore recommends that the government put in place appropriate policy to reduce sensitivity of the capital market to oil price volatility in Nigeria.

This study investigated the relationship in the milk yield (offtake) versus the milk nutrients composition in eight grazing lactating White Fulani cows. The milk yield (offtake) and milk composition (proximate composition, minerals and vitamins) data were subjected to measurements of means, linear correlation and linear regression coefficients. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 8 milking cows and 22 milking readings per cow during one lactation period. The mean milk yield ranged from 3.00 to 4.50 L/day. There were positive and significant correlation between milk yield and ash (r= 0.74, P< 0.05), milk yield and riboflavin (r= 0.71, P< 0.05). The milk protein was positively and significantly correlated to calcium (r= 0.73, P< 0.05), potassium (r= 0.79, P< 0.05) and phosphorus (r= 0.72, P< 0.05). The regression analysis showed that manganese (Mn) had the greatest effect of 84.99 % determinant of the milk yield. Whereas protein content was negatively correlated (r= - 0.10) and had a negative effect in relationship to milk yield, and this imply that the protein level of the feed consumed by the cows was very low. In conclusion, the results of the multiple regression analysis indicated in the last step that milk protein, fat, carbohydrate, potassium, manganese, thiamine, and vitamin A were the most important variables to be considered when assessing the contribution of the various nutrients to milk yield in the grazing White Fulani cows. Thus, the best equation based on this study for predicting milk yield (offtake) with R²=1, 100% is

MY=-45.429-1.389PR+6.828MF+1.130CARB-0.079K+84.988Mn-17.762THM+0.262Vit.A.

Background- Citruslimon is one of the major fruits that grow throughout the world with refreshing juice and health benefits. Numerous therapeutic properties have been ascribed to its use such as anti- ulcer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory as well as its ability to control blood glucose.

Objective

 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aqueous bark extracts of unripe citrus limon on plasma glucose, triacylglycerol concentrations and weight of normal albino rats as well as histopathological examination of the liver, hearts and kidney sections of the rats.

Materials and Methods                                                                                                                                            The test groups were administered a dose of the extract (2ml/kg body weight) twice daily in addition to growers mash while the control group was exposed to only grower’s mash and distilled water. The plasma glucose and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Both groups were weighed on the weighing scale on test days up to the 28^th day after which the animals were sacrificed and histological examination was done.                                                                                                                                                               

Results

The result showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in plasma glucose, triacylglycerol and weight in the test group when compared to the control. The histological report showed that the aqueous extract of citrus limon was neither cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic.

Conclusion       

    Conclusively the aqueous bark extract of Citruslimon could have protective and therapeutic effects in the reduction of high blood glucose and triacylglycerol levels in a number of metabolic syndromes including diabetes mellitus in  humans and may also be effective for weight loss as may be necessary for stable health conditions.

Turkey production in gwagwalada is still on a small scale compared to other poultry birds’ production. This paper estimated the cost and returns of turkey production using structured questionnaire to elicit information from 60 turkey producers in gwagwalada area council of federal capital territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics was used to get socio-economic characteristics such as age, marital status, gender, level of education, etc of the turkey producers, net farm income model was used for cost and return analysis, gross margin model shows the profitability index. Findings of the study show that turkey production was carried out mainly as secondary activities by adults of 35-44 years of age. The respondents had formal education. Turkey production in the study area was found to be profitable with a profit investment ratio of 0.82. The cost of feeding was as high as 50.8%, fixed and variable input was 9.2% and 90.85% of the total cost of production respectively. The system of production was 85% semi-intensive style. The major diseases of turkeys reported in the area were fowl pox and ectoparasites. High cost of poults, high cost of feeds, unorganized market, poor extension services, high cost of vaccine/drugs, turkey theft were the constraints of turkey production in the area. Advantages of turkey production, proper management of turkey production and government roles in making turkey production lucrative were stated.

It was quite established that Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) Bulbs consumes One-quarter  to one-fifth   of the energy used by Incandescent Light Bulb to provide the same level of light. About 25% of energy consumed by CFL is converted into visible light compared with just 5% for a conventional Incandescent Lamp. However, the unpredictable threat of Power Quality Disturbances on life span of CFL is presently mitigating against patronage of the product  Their major concern are the results  of  voltage surge  and flicker from cyclic load variation in Single Phase Energy System which have adverse effect on Compact Fluorescent Light bulbs and drastically shorten the life span of the CFL.  These are ever increasing in today’s voltage power supplies for every residential houses and to apply surge suppression for

overvoltage required technical knowledge. Conversely, research has shown that voltage sag occurs more frequently than voltage surge and the influx current from under voltage can also actually cause appliances damage. Hence this study provides an insight into a failure mechanism resulted from Power Quality Disturbances that have a notable effect on the CFLs. It employed the usage of survey questionnaire to select most commonly used CFL Bulbs using likert approach so as to have the broad view of the usage of the selected bulbs and to establish the effect of Power Quality Disturbances on CFL bulbs, in such a way that cause and effect relationship could be developed. The questionnaires were mapped per locality within Ibadan metropolis on three (3) strata; High, Medium and Low Income Areas

Regression analysis was carried out between the independent variable: Power Voltage (Voltage swell/voltage sag) and the dependent variables; Energy Saving Bulbs (CFLs) used to test the research hypotheses shown that the effect of Power Quality Disturbances were very minimal on Compact Fluorescent Lamp (Energy Saving Bulb) while high income areas consumed more energy compared to medium and low income areas with the number of CFL Bulbs and frequency of replacements. However, there was no significant effect on the usage of the item and its life span.

We study a class of non-linear partial differential equations, which describes the longitudinal motion of an elasto-plastic bar and anti-plane shearing deformation. In order to systematically explore the mathematical structure and underlying physics of the elasto-plastic flow in a medium, we generate all the geometric vector fields of the model equations.

Using the classical Lie group method, it is shown that this equation does not admit space dilation type symmetries for a specific parameter value. The symmetry reductions and exact solutions to this equation are derived.

In this paper, the works of some authors were briefly reviewed with some relevant literature and current state of knowledge pertaining to the three-dimensional proposed rook movement on a chess board within the restricted area were closely studied. We also described some basic terminologies that are helpful in analyzing and studying the rook movements on a three-dimensional chess board.